Overseas shipments fell 4.5% in November from a year earlier, Ministry of Finance data showed. Separately, the Bank of Japan will make a decision on Wednesday on whether to raise the cost of borrowing.
The strength of the Japanese yen as well as the ongoing European debt crisis have weighed on external demand.
Japan's economy recovered from a recession that was sparked by the devastating tsunami and earthquake in March.
However in recent months the boost from recovering supply chains and restored production facilities has started to diminish.
Japanese exports came in at 5.2 trillion yen ($66.8bn; £42.6bn) in November, falling for the second straight month.
Imports rose 11.4% to 5.88tn yen, the ministry said. That lead to an expansion in the trade balance deficit to 684.7bn yen.
